Speedy Trials: Recent Developments Concerning a Vital Right

Historically, Anglo-American law has jealously guarded the right of an accused to have a speedy trial in a criminal prosecution. It is extended to defendants in federal cases by the sixth amendment to the Constitution. Through incorporation into the fourteenth amendment, the protection is likewise available to defendants in state prosecutions. Notwithstanding constitutional provisions and Supreme Court decisions, the concept of a speedy trial has always been ambiguous. Until recent times it has been considered a matter that could only be defined in the context of the special circumstances of individual cases. The right was said to be “consistent with delays;” thus there has been less than an absolute guarantee that a defendant would be tried within a short time of his arrest of indictment. Society has several vital interests in securing speedy trials in criminal prosecutions. This Note will discuss those interests and examine two plans which represent attempts to give exact definition to the right. One plan was made effective in 1971 by the Judicial Council for the Second Circuit of the United States Court of Appeals. The other, the Speedy Trial Act of 1974, is the product of congressional action. By 1979, after a five year break-in period, this Act must be given full effect in all federal courts

Analysis of Issues for Project Scheduling by Multiple, Dispersed Schedulers (distributed Scheduling) and Requirements for Manual Protocols and Computer-based Support

Although computerized operations have significant gains realized in many areas, one area, scheduling, has enjoyed few benefits from automation. The traditional methods of industrial engineering and operations research have not proven robust enough to handle the complexities associated with the scheduling of realistic problems. To address this need, NASA has developed the computer-aided scheduling system (COMPASS), a sophisticated, interactive scheduling tool that is in wide-spread use within NASA and the contractor community. Therefore, COMPASS provides no explicit support for the large class of problems in which several people, perhaps at various locations, build separate schedules that share a common pool of resources. This research examines the issue of distributing scheduling, as applied to application domains characterized by the partial ordering of tasks, limited resources, and time restrictions. The focus of this research is on identifying issues related to distributed scheduling, locating applicable problem domains within NASA, and suggesting areas for ongoing research. The issues that this research identifies are goals, rescheduling requirements, database support, the need for communication and coordination among individual schedulers, the potential for expert system support for scheduling, and the possibility of integrating artificially intelligent schedulers into a network of human schedulers

Linear Quadrupole Focusing for High Resolution Microdroplet-Based Fabrication

In industry, particularly in the field of rapid prototyping, droplet-based manufacturing is proving to be an extremely efficient technique for the production of low cost electronic components. However, for some applications, the desired material properties at deposition are not easily integrated with a homogeneous, low viscosity fluid suitable for droplet ejection. For this reason, it would prove beneficial to have some means of altering the material properties of the droplets during their travel to the substrate. Due to the inherent irregularities in droplet ejection systems, increases in the associated throw-distances and travel times generally cause decreased resolution in placement. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the potential of a linear electrodyamic quadrupole for use in constraining the trajectories of charged microdroplets to allow for modification of their material properties prior to deposition. The equations of motion for the droplets within the device were derived and integrated numerically. Approximate bounds on the system stability were determined and the effects of the respective parameters were considered. An experimental system was constructed and used for deposition experiments. The results obtained, show that a linear quadrupole can be used to focus microdroplet streams for deposition, and that the corresponding operating variables can be predicted from the governing equations